@inproceedings{DiMaio2021-8654,

title = {Hybrid Manual and Gaze-Based Interaction With a Robotic Arm},

author = {M. Di Maio and P. Dondi and L. Lombardi and M. Porta},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of ETFA '21 (26th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation)},

abstract = {Robots, very widespread in industrial settings, are now used for many different purposes. Even if several tasks can be fully automated, the presence of a human operator is often needed. However, direct robot control is generally complex, and it is thus important to explore alternative and comfortable ways of communication. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach to human-robot interaction that exploits both manual and gaze-based input. While simple, our solution goes in the direction of enhancing the control capabilities of robots by human operators.},

keywords = {Gaze-controlled GUIs, Gaze-controlled robots},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10.1145/3379157.3388929,

title = {A Gaze-Based Web Browser with Multiple Methods for Link Selection},

author = {Matteo Casarini and Marco Porta and Piercarlo Dondi},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379157.3388929},

doi = {10.1145/3379157.3388929},

isbn = {9781450371353},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},

address = {Stuttgart, Germany},

series = {ETRA '20 Adjunct},

abstract = {This paper presents a gaze-based web browser that allows hands-free navigation through five different link selection methods (namely, Menu, Discrete Cursor, Progressive Zoom, Quick Zoom, and Free Pointing) and two page scrolling techniques. For link selection, the purpose of this multi-approach solution is two-fold. On the one hand, we want users to be able to choose either their preferred methods or those that, in each specific case, are the most suitable (e.g., depending on the kind of link to activate). On the other hand, we wanted to assess the performance and appreciation level of the different approaches through formal tests, to identify their strengths and weaknesses. The browser, which is conceived as an assistive technology tool, also includes a built-inon-screen keyboard and the possibility to save and retrieve bookmarks.},

keywords = {Gaze interaction with ordinary computers, Gaze-based assistive technologies, Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10.1145/3206343.3206350,

title = {Playing Music with the Eyes through an Isomorphic Interface},

author = {Nicola Davanzo and Piercarlo Dondi and Mauro Mosconi and Marco Porta},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3206343.3206350},

doi = {10.1145/3206343.3206350},

isbn = {9781450357906},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Communication by Gaze Interaction},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},

address = {Warsaw, Poland},

series = {COGAIN '18},

abstract = {Playing music with the eyes is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a virtualdigital musical instrument, usable by both motor-impaired and able-bodied people,controlled through an eye tracker and a "switch". Musically speaking, the layout ofthe graphical interface is isomorphic, since the harmonic relations between noteshave the same geometrical shape regardless of the key signature of the music piece.Four main design principles guided our choices, namely: (1) Minimization of eye movements,especially in case of large note intervals; (2) Use of a grid layout where "nodes"(keys) are connected each other through segments (employed as guides for the gaze);(3) No need for smoothing filters or time thresholds; and (4) Strategic use of colorto facilitate gaze shifts. Preliminary tests, also involving another eye-controlledmusical instrument, have shown that the developed system allows "correct" executionof music pieces even when characterized by complex melodies.},

keywords = {Gaze interaction with ordinary computers, Gaze-based assistive technologies, Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Cantoni2018-7606,

title = {A Multi-Sensory Approach to Cultural Heritage: The Battle of Pavia Exhibition},

author = {V. Cantoni and P. Dondi and L. Lombardi and N. Nugrahaningsih and M. Porta and A. Setti},

doi = {10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012039},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of Florence Heri-Tech 2018},

abstract = {In the last years, several museums and exhibits have adopted new kinds of 

interactive installations that present artworks in more attractive ways, especially for young 

visitors. At the same time, new communication technologies have been introduced to allow 

vision and motion impaired people to visit arts centers. In this work, we present the multi- 

sensory solutions we have implemented for the “Battle of Pavia” Exhibition, a collateral event 

of Milan Expo 2015. The installation combined different interaction methods to achieve two 

main goals: providing visitors with engaging experiences and allowing blind and partially 

sighted people to appreciate the exposed artworks. The used technologies include gesture 

communication, gaze-based interaction, 3D character reconstruction, virtual avatars, and 3D 

tactile images. This work can be also viewed in the context of digital humanities for cultural 

heritage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first exhibit to gather such a high number of 

interactive technologies in a single installation. The positive response from visitors is a great 

spur to continue our research in this direction.},

keywords = {Gaze interaction with ordinary computers, Gaze-based assistive technologies, Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{hansen2018fitts,

title = {A Fitts' law study of click and dwell interaction by gaze, head and mouse with a head-mounted display},

author = {John Paulin Hansen and Vijay Rajanna and I Scott MacKenzie and Per Bækgaard},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Communication by Gaze Interaction},

pages = {1--5},

keywords = {Gaze interaction in 3D (VR/AR/MR & real world), Gaze-controlled GUIs, Usability and UX evaluation of gaze-based interfaces},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{matulewski2018moveye,

title = {Moveye: gaze control of video playback},

author = {Jacek Matulewski and Bibianna Bałaj and Ewelina Marek and Łukasz Piasecki and Dawid Gruszczy'nski and Mateusz Kuchta and Włodzisław Duch},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Communication by Gaze Interaction},

pages = {1--5},

keywords = {Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10.1145/2983468.2983499,

title = {Eye Tracking for Cultural Heritage: A Gaze-Controlled System for Handless Interaction with Artworks},

author = {Virginio Cantoni and Lorenzo Merlano and Nahumi Nugrahaningsih and Marco Porta},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2983468.2983499},

doi = {10.1145/2983468.2983499},

isbn = {9781450341820},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies 2016},

pages = {307–314},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},

address = {Palermo, Italy},

series = {CompSysTech '16},

abstract = {This paper presents a system that allows users to interact with artwork pictures throughtheir gaze, by means of an eye tracker. In particular, visitors of an exhibition canselect artworks, perform image scrolling, change the size of displayed pictures, definesensitive areas (that, when watched, display associated descriptive information),collect user gaze data, show dynamic gaze replays and generate static images showinga "summary" of what the visitor watched. The system was continuously used in an exhibitionat the Visconti Castle of Pavia (Italy) from 14th June to 29th November 2015. Thegathered data show that, in spite of some calibration problems, the system can beconsidered reliable and provides the user with an overall "pleasant" interaction experience.},

keywords = {Gaze interaction with ordinary computers, Gaze-based assistive technologies, Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{akkil2016user,

title = {User expectations of everyday gaze interaction on smartglasses},

author = {Deepak Akkil and Andrés Lucero and Jari Kangas and Tero Jokela and Marja Salmimaa and Roope Raisamo},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction},

pages = {1--10},

keywords = {Gaze interaction in 3D (VR/AR/MR & real world), Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{vspakov2016pursuitadjuster,

title = {PursuitAdjuster: an exploration into the design space of smooth pursuit--based widgets},

author = {Oleg Špakov and Poika Isokoski and Jari Kangas and Deepak Akkil and Päivi Majaranta},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications},

pages = {287--290},

keywords = {Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Jalaliniya:2016:EDT:2858036.2858584,

title = {EyeGrip: Detecting Targets in a Series of Uni-directional Moving Objects Using Optokinetic Nystagmus Eye Movements},

author = {Shahram Jalaliniya and Diako Mardanbegi},

url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2858036.2858584},

doi = {10.1145/2858036.2858584},

isbn = {978-1-4503-3362-7},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},

pages = {5801--5811},

publisher = {ACM},

address = {Santa Clara, California, USA},

series = {CHI'16},

keywords = {Gaze interaction with mobile devices, gaze tracking, Gaze-controlled GUIs, implicit interaction, optokinetic nystagmus (okn) eye movements, scrolling},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10.1145/2659532.2659592,

title = {Eye Tracking as a Computer Input and Interaction Method},

author = {Virginio Cantoni and Marco Porta},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2659532.2659592},

doi = {10.1145/2659532.2659592},

isbn = {9781450327534},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},

address = {Ruse, Bulgaria},

series = {CompSysTech '14},

abstract = {Eye tracking applications can be considered under two points of view: in the formerthe eye tracker is a passive sensor that monitors the eyes to determine what the useris watching. In the latter the eye tracker has an active role that allows the userto control a computer. As a computer input device, an eye tracker typically substitutesthe mouse point-select operation with a look-select process to: press buttons, selecticons, follow links, etc. While look-select operations are naturally suited to eyeinput, controlling an interface element is not, because the eyes move covertly bysaccades -- quick movements of the point of gaze from one location to another. Sincethe main task of the eyes is simply to see, if they are also used for interactingwith the computer it may be difficult to decide, for example, whether a button iswatched to understand its function or to trigger the associated action. In general,eye tracking systems present significant challenges when used for computer input andmuch research has been carried out in this field.},

keywords = {Gaze interaction paradigms, Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{vspakov2014look,

title = {Look and lean: accurate head-assisted eye pointing},

author = {Oleg Špakov and Poika Isokoski and Päivi Majaranta},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},

pages = {35--42},

keywords = {Gaze-controlled GUIs, Gaze-supported multimodal interaction},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{6661713,

title = {Towards effective eye pointing for gaze-enhanced human-computer interaction},

author = {Enrico De Gaudenzi and Marco Porta},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-01},

booktitle = {2013 Science and Information Conference},

pages = {22-27},

abstract = {In this paper we present some solutions we have devised to improve eye pointing in ordinary PC use. While eye tracking technology has advanced considerably in the last years, several limitations prevent gaze-based interaction from becoming as comfortable and effective as traditional mouse or touchpad input. The proposed approach combines both automatic and manual error correction techniques (namely eye data filtering, virtual magnetization, magnifying glass and cursor manual shift) to allow enhanced exploitation of gaze as an alternative or additional communication channel. Experiments have shown that the approach can provide better performance than touchpad pointing and compares fairly with the mouse.},

keywords = {Gaze-controlled GUIs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{dybdal2012gaze,

title = {Gaze input for mobile devices by dwell and gestures},

author = {Morten Lund Dybdal and Javier San Agustin and John Paulin Hansen},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},

pages = {225--228},

keywords = {Gaze interfaces for wearable computing, Gaze-controlled GUIs, Usability and UX evaluation of gaze-based interfaces},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}